Free Guides. Examiner Aligned.
Foundational concepts — actus reus, mens rea, causation, transferred malice — explained in depth, with the case authorities a Level-4/A* answer actually needs. No paywall on the building blocks.
Gross Negligence Manslaughter, the Adomako test.
The four-stage Adomako test broken down — duty of care, breach, gross breach, causation of death. Every leading authority, the post-Rose foreseeability rule, and a worked Level 4 paragraph.
Read the guide →Actus Reus, Explained Properly.
The "guilty act" — what it actually is, why voluntariness matters, the six duties to act, and the five cases OCR and AQA examiners reach for over and over.
Read the guide →Causation, Step by Step.
The two-step test — factual ("but for") and legal ("operating and substantial"), novus actus interveniens, and the thin-skull rule. With the audit-corrected case facts examiners reward.
Read the guide →Mens Rea, Explained Properly.
The "guilty mind" — direct vs oblique intention (Mohan, Woollin), Cunningham recklessness, and the exact case phrasing OCR and AQA examiners reward.
Read the guide →Transferred Malice, Made Simple.
When the defendant aims at one person but harms another — the saving rule (Latimer), the same-offence limit (Pembliton), and the most-missed Topic 1 doctrine according to the 2022 examiner report.
Read the guide →These guides are a slice of what I teach.
The full LawByLak modules contain 50+ cases per topic with examiner-report citations, "Say it in an exam" boxes, AO3 paragraphs, and worked exam questions — the same notes I use in every tutoring session. Book a session and get them free, or buy standalone from £49.99.
Book a free 15-min Trial Lesson → See tutoring & pricing →